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EUROFER response to recent CE Delft study
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A recent study by the consultancy CE Delft commissioned by Carbon Market Watch purports to have detected large windfall profits emerging from the European Union Emissions
Trading System (EU ETS). This response from the European steel industry seeks to determine how these conclusions were reached and to react to the claims.
Unfortunately, the study (and those on which it is based) has a number of methodological flaws. These include the omission of indirect costs in the calculation, the use of implausible data proxies and the underestimation of the impact of carbon costs. For these reasons, the study results in misleading conclusions.
More generally, the study provides a picture of the EU steel industry which is at odds with the everyday-reality of a sector which is highly exposed to an uneven international playing field and suffers from unfair practises, such as dumping and global overcapacity. These factors have led to job losses, decreasing prices and very low or negative profitability. Such reality clearly contradicts the claims of the study on cost pass through ability and windfall profits.
The European steel industry is committed to contributing fairly to EU climate and energy targets, taking into account also the exposure to fierce international competition and the need for a global playing field. We are committed to sustainable production and sale of high quality steels in Europe while ensuring high level job, but to continue to do this, there needs to be an open, fact-based discussion on the right regulatory regime and impact assessments.
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Brussels, 11 September 2025 – The lack of a solution for steel in the EU-U.S. trade negotiations, the ongoing unpredictability of the global geoeconomic situation, and persistently weak demand against an ever-growing global steel overcapacity are squeezing the European steel market. In 2025, the outlook points to stagnation, with potential recovery only in 2026 — conditional on improvements in the global economy and an easing of trade tensions. According to EUROFER’s latest Economic and Steel Market Outlook, another recession both in apparent steel consumption (-0.2%, revised upwards from -0.9%) and in steel-using sectors (-0.7%, revised downwards from -0.5%) is confirmed for 2025. Growth prospects are now delayed at least to 2026, with projections of a rebound for both apparent steel consumption (+3.1%) and steel-using sectors (+1.8%). However, steel imports continue to hold historically high market shares (25%) in 2025.
Third quarter 2025 report. Data up to, and including, first quarter 2025
Brussels, 10 September 2025 – Reacting to today’s State of the Union Address delivered by Commission President Ursula von der Leyen, Axel Eggert, Director General of the European Steel Association (EUROFER) said: